For the past two years, Wu Dongmei’s 14-year-old son has been attending a private school in Shanghai that offers an international program that prepares students for higher education abroad. All had proceeded smoothly — until recently, she said.Shanghai private school

On Oct. 19, the Shanghai Municipal Education Commission summoned the principals of 21 local private schools to explain draft regulations that would restrict international programs in Grades 1 through 9, the years of compulsory education in China. The commission accused schools that had replaced the officially mandated curriculum, which includes classes in political ideology, of "infringing on China’s education sovereignty.”

The commission said that under the proposed regulations the authorities would no longer approve the establishment of any new private schools with "foreign influence” and would "bar foreign investment in private schools.” School curriculums would be monitored to ensure that they "uphold national sovereignty and ideology.” Private schools could not be named after foreigners.The rules would not apply to international schools set up primarily to educate foreign students.

A woman who answered the telephone at the commission’s office this week said that it was unclear when the new regulations, if approved, might take effect, but that any information would be posted on the commission’s website. The woman declined to give her name.
Now Ms. Wu is worried that the programs her son, who is in the ninth grade, is enrolled in might be replaced.

"Parents have been talking about the regulations, and some are even prepared to send their kids to schools overseas if there are major changes,” she said in an interview. She asked that her son’s school not be identified, out of concern that it might cause problems for him.
Jiang Xueqin, a researcher in Beijing for the Harvard University Global Education Innovation Initiative, said the proposed Shanghai regulations reflected the Chinese government’s concerns about political orthodoxy.

"The government has maintained tight ideological control over the universities, and high schools are entirely focused on test preparation, but there has been room for innovation in the grades 1-to-9 system,” Mr. Jiang said. "As the Chinese economy slows and instability grows, the government wants to ensure maximum control in the classroom.”
According to the Ministry of Education, 256 private and 225 public schools in China provide international education programs for Chinese students who hope to continue their studies abroad. These typically offer English or other courses students would need to prepare for foreign universities, instead of courses equipping them to take the gaokao, the Chinese college entrance examination.

Many private schools also omit the ideological instruction on Marxism and patriotism that is compulsory in public schools.Ms. Wu wondered whether the government might also require such courses in private schools, which have a high degree of autonomy in devising curriculums and teaching methods. "I believe politics should be separated from school education, although I know in China it’s difficult,” she said.

Investment in private schools across China has surged in recent decades. Education Ministry data from 2015 showed that China had 10,735 private schools offering grades 1 through 9, with more than 12 million students. That is more than 8.5 percent of all the students in these grades, up from 2.9 percent in 2004.

Driving the trend are wealthy families willing to pay for what they see as a higher-quality education. Some real estate developers have promoted private schools as features to help sell apartments. Local government officials have accepted private schools as a way to provide more consumer choice as well as stimulate the local economy, despite concerns that they exacerbate social inequality.

"Because private schools offer more money and autonomy” to staff members, Mr. Jiang said, "they’ve been draining a lot of top talent from the public school system. So while private schools promise to shake up an overly bureaucratic school system in China, they do so at the expense of equity and social mobility.”
But since President Xi Jinping came to power in 2012, the private and international education sectors have come under greater government scrutiny. In November, the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress adopted revisions to a law barring for-profit private schools from offering classes for grades 1 through 9. According to Zhu Zhiwen, a vice minister of education, none of China’s registered private schools are for-profit, and the law only affects those who want to turn their schools into profit-led establishments, the state news media reported.
This is not the first crackdown on Western values in Chinese education. At a forum last year on ideological work in universities, Yuan Guiren, then the education minister, warned "never let textbooks promoting Western values appear in our classes.” Later that year, the Communist Party’s propaganda department and the Ministry of Education pushed universities to revive Marxist education.

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The University of Manchester’s Primary and Secondary PGCE programmes have been recognised as ‘Outstanding’ across all assessed elements – the highest possible rating – by Ofsted.Post Graduate Certificate in Education(PGCE)

The result confirms the University as one of the country's leading teacher training providers and adds to the 'Outstanding' rating already achieved by the institution's Teach First programme.

"We're absolutely thrilled with the outcome of this Ofsted inspection," said Neil Humphrey, Head of the Manchester Institute of Education (MIE)."The hard work, dedication and scholarship of our staff and partnership schools are second to none.

"We pride ourselves on giving our trainees the best possible preparation for a career in which they will inspire and empower thousands of learners."It is fantastic to see this recognised by Her Majesty's Inspectorate."

The Ofsted report notes that the University offers carefully crafted training programmes, high-quality mentoring and diverse placements – resulting in trainees graduating extremely well-prepared to teach."This is an excellent achievement," added Lisa Murtagh, Head of Initial Teacher Education.

"The report truly reflects the commitment and dedication of The University of Manchester's ITE partnership, and acknowledges that all partners embrace our vision of empowering future generations."

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Their heads soaked in sweat, a class of little boys practises Lionel Messi-esque stepovers at a kindergarten tucked between residential tower blocks in Shanghai.

They do not know it, but they are a tiny part of President Xi Jinping's aggressive drive to make China a footballing superpower by 2050.At Kangcheng Kindergarten in Shanghai, 23 of the best boys aged 6 and 7 play football twice a week in what is their final year before primary school.Children football in Shanghai

At some other kindergartens in Shanghai they play from as young as 4.Zhu Guanghu, president of the Shanghai Football Association, says that when it comes to coaching, it is a case of the earlier, the better.

"I personally think 3-year-old children can play football as long as they can walk steadily and keep the ball at their feet," said Zhu, as a coach armed with a whistle goes through ball drills at Kangcheng Kindergarten."It's really important to lay the foundation for them at an early age."There are nearly 200 kindergartens offering football in Shanghai, both boys and girls, he said, calling the sport "a particularly critical education."

The boys, wearing matching yellow T-shirts, spend most of the time with a ball each.Exercises focus on control and dribbling, and they are told to use both feet.

Towards the end of the hour-long practice, they do one drill where they place the ball in front of them and, without touching it, alternate between left- and right-foot stepovers.It is the sort of manoeuvre that Messi does at pace to tie opposing defenders in knots.

Rather than the Camp Nou and a fanatical Barcelona crowd of 100,000, the boys of Kangcheng Kindergarten are in the playground and have statues of cartoon rabbits watching.Wang Zhilin's father does not play football, but he has hopes for his 7-year-old son.

"He wants me to be play for (Shanghai) SIPG," said Wang, referring to the Chinese Super League champions.Perhaps one day little Wang will lift the World Cup for China.

But it would take a major improvement — the men's side is ranked 74th by FIFA and has reached the World Cup only once, in 2002.They lost all three games and failed to score a goal.There is particular concern about the dearth of quality youth players emerging, despite China having a population of 1.4 billion.

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Located in New Castle Town, New York, Horace Greeley has some of the highest academic standards in the state. 99% of its students are considered proficient in math and reading. The school’s average SAT score is well above the national average at 1990 (the national average is 1720). The average ACT score at 31 is five points ahead of the national average as well. One of the academic programs the school is known for is the LIFE (Learning Independently From Experience) school, an alternative school located on the campus for grades 11–12 with independent study and senior project options.International high school

Named for the former editor of the New York Tribune who popularized the phrase, "Go West, young man, and grow up with the country," Horace Greeley High has excellent educational outcomes as well. With a graduation rate of 98%, many of the students have gone on to study business, psychology, liberal arts and pre-medicine at colleges such as New York University, Cornell, Vanderbilt and the University of Pennsylvania.
Conestoga Senior High School, or "Stoga," as it is nicknamed, has a graduation rate of 99% and is nationally recognized for its challenging academics. 35% of students say it is relatively difficult to get mostly A’s at Conestoga. 24 credits are required for graduation and students can choose classes from the Business/Technology, Visual and Performing Arts or Wellness/Fitness/Family & Consumer Science among traditional departments as well.

At Stoga, 93% of students are proficient in math and 96% in reading. The school is ranked 1st in Pennsylvania, and 97% of Conestoga graduates advance to colleges and universities, such as John Hopkins, Duke, and the most popular destination: Pennsylvania State University.
Just over 4,000 students are enrolled in Illinois’ top public high school, Adlai E. Stevenson High, located in Vernon Township. Stevenson is the only public high school in Illinois to receive four Blue Ribbon Awards for Excellence in Education from the U.S. Department of Education. Stevenson offers over 200 courses in applied arts, communication arts, fine arts, foreign languages, mathematics, physical welfare, science and social science, 20 of which are AP courses. Other opportunities for students include 125 co-curricular clubs and activities in which three-fourths of the student body is involved.

With a 92% graduation rate, it’s no surprise that 97% of students go on to study subjects such as business, psychology, biology and engineering at top colleges and universities like the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the University of Wisconsin and Indiana University at Bloomington.

Adlai E. Stevenson High is known for the size of its campus (76 acres), which includes a performing arts center that seats 1,200 and an Olympic-sized pool, and for its high level of preparation for the ACTs, SATs and college. The average ACT score here is 30. The high school’s average SAT score is 2130 -- compared to the national average of 1720.Thomas Jefferson High School for Science and Technology is a state-chartered magnet school located in Fairfax County and is ranked #1 in the nation for Best Academics -- Public High Schools in America. The school has a full-day, four-year program unlike most other magnet schools and as the Governor's School for Science and Technology in Northern Virginia (one of 18 Governor’s Schools in the state), it is also supported by the Virginia Department of Education. 99% of students are proficient in both math and reading. Students annually participate in the Thomas Jefferson Symposium to Advance Research (tjSTAR), a day-long symposium during which students share research projects, explore potential careers and learn about future research projects at the school. The curriculum’s primary focus is STEM, including artificial intelligence, neurobiology, DNA science, organic chemistry, linear algebra, marine biology, multivariable calculus and quantum mechanics, most of which are taught at the AP level. The school is also one of the few schools to have a Computer Systems Lab (CSL, often shortened to "syslab") that houses a supercomputer.

The graduation rate is 18% above the national average, at 99%, with many students going on to study STEM at schools like the University of Virginia, Virginia Tech and the College of William and Mary. Thomas Jefferson High is considered the 25th Safest Public High School in America, as well as #35 for Best High School Teachers in America.

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The second China International Import Expo will be held at the National Exhibition and Convention Center in Shanghai from November 5 to 10, 2019.For further information about China International Import Expo, please visit: [图片]https://www.shine.cn/China-International-Import-Expo/
For China’s aging political leadership, certain anniversaries teeter between the emblematic and the problematic. On Tuesday, President Xi Jinping stood in Beijing’s Great Hall of the People to commemorate the hundredth anniversary of the May Fourth Movement, one of the most consequential social protests in Chinese history, in which students agitated against the incompetence of the country’s authoritarian leaders. Xi told "China’s youth” today to love their motherland, and to "obey the party and follow the Party.” He also urged them to study the May Fourth Movement, and added that "those who are unpatriotic, who would even go so far as to cheat and betray the motherland, are a disgrace in the eyes of their own country and the whole world.”To get more may 4th movement, you can visit shine news official website.

Xi was taking a risk: the legacy of the May Fourth Movement is a complicated one, and to study its history is to confront the central hypocrisy of the Communist Party. The May Fourth Movement grew out of frustration with foreign aggression and the failure of the government to protect its citizens and its territory. On May 4, 1919, students from Peking University took to the streets to denounce the Treaty of Versailles, which allowed Japan to occupy the former German Concession in the coastal province of Shandong, territory that had been held by the German Empire prior to the First World War, instead of ceding control of it to China. More important, the leaders of the movement declared their ambition to make the country anew: to dismantle the bureaucracies, topple the hierarchies, and emancipate China from its feudal roots. They were joined by thousands of students from other universities, and marched to Tiananmen Square. There was some rioting, and a number of students were beaten and arrested, as the protests spread to other cities, but, after a general strike was called in June, they were released. Their actions are often credited with ushering China into the modern era.

The night before the protests, as students assembled in a lecture hall, one of them brandished a knife and declared that he’d rather cut his own throat than endure the pain of witnessing China’s humiliation. But no one embodied the revolutionary fervor more than Chen Duxiu, a dean at the university, who joined a Marxist study group there and published a journal, called New Youth, in which he wrote, "I, with tears, place my plea before the fresh and vital youth, in the hope that they will achieve self-awareness and begin to struggle. What is this self-awareness? It is to be conscious of the value and possibility of one’s young life.” Chen devoted an issue of the journal to a Marxist critique of Chinese society that gained widespread attention and, several months after the protests, he was forced to resign from the university. He was jailed for three months for distributing inciteful literature, and, after his release, moved to the French Concession in Shanghai. Two years later, he became a co-founder of the Communist Party.

It’s a matter of some inconvenience for present-day leaders that the Party so quickly became the kind of dictatorial, bureaucratic behemoth that its founders had tried to banish, and that so much of its history betrayed its original principles—during the Tiananmen Square student protests of 1989, which coincided with the seventieth anniversary of the May Fourth Movement, troops fired on crowds of civilians, killing hundreds, perhaps thousands, and thousands more were arrested. And, although Xi has made a show of officially embracing the spirit of May 4th, universities are once again the focus of a crackdown. In March, the prestigious Tsinghua University, whose students had marched in 1919, suspended Xu Zhangrun, a law professor who had published a series of essays denouncing Xi’s authoritarian tendencies. They are the kind of work that would have found a home in New Youth a hundred years ago.
Then, earlier this week, six Peking University students disappeared, and are believed to have been detained. They are part of a new movement of young Marxist activists who have taken up the cause of labor conditions in China, working alongside manual laborers and organizing protests. Dozens of them have been detained across the country in recent months. "If doing this kind of manual labor makes me disappear, everyone knows who did it,” Qiu Zhanxuan, the former president of the Peking University Marxist Society, wrote on his social-media page.

Chen Duxiu might have recognized this dynamic. He was named the general secretary of the Communist Party, but he clashed with another of the founding members, Mao Zedong, and was pushed out of the position, in 1927. Two years later, Chen was expelled from the Party, on account of his appeal for greater democracy within the ranks. He was later told that he could rejoin if he renounced certain of his positions, but he refused. In 1942, he died, forgotten, in the countryside. After Mao’s death, Chen was rehabilitated as a symbol of patriotism. Were he alive today, however, it’s unclear if he would again accept membership in the Party that he helped found.

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The second China International Import Expo will be held at the National Exhibition and Convention Center in Shanghai from November 5 to 10, 2019.For further information about China International Import Expo, please visit: [图片]https://www.shine.cn/China-International-Import-Expo/
How many roses do you expect from your boyfriend on Qixi, Chinese Valentine's Day? Big data said it probably would be 19.To get more chinese valentine's day, you can visit shine news official website.
Known as the Chinese version of Valentine's Day, Qixi originated from a 2,000-year-old love story and falls on the seventh day of the seventh lunar month on the Chinese lunar calendar, which is Aug. 7 this year.
Weeks before the celebration, online sales of relevant gifts have begun to soar, data from major e-commerce platforms showed.
On Alibaba's two major e-commerce platforms Tmall and Taobao, sales of Qixi gifts welcomed its peak a week before the festival and registered an increase of 118 percent from the previous year. Among them, domestic products were most popular, with sales of the traditional Han clothing jumping by 184 percent while Chinese rouge, an ancient-style blush, saw its sales up over 37 percent from a year ago.
Compared with Western-style Valentine's day, data showed that Chinese couples prefer to celebrate Qixi in a more traditional Chinese way.
A report on the consumption habits of the 2018 Qixi published by online food delivery platform Meituan said 42 percent of the food consumption on Qixi in 2018 was spent on Chinese cuisine, while on Western Valentine's day, it was 35 percent.
Fresh flowers have always been a hot gift choice among lovers. According to the Meituan report, gift boxes comprised of 19 roses were most popular among male consumers during last year's Qixi festival, followed by boxes of 11 roses and 33 roses, respectively. And sales of beauty services, including manicures, hairdressing and cosmetic services also rose sharply.
While many young people purchase gifts for their partners, many choose to embark on a tour to celebrate the festival.
Data from the report showed that last year the Happy Valley amusement park in Beijing, Haichang Ocean Park in Qingdao, the Palace Museum, Chengdu Research Base of Giant Panda Breeding as well as the Shanghai Disney Resort were the top five domestic destinations during Qixi. Singapore's Gardens by the Bay was the top overseas destination among Chinese tourists.
"High-priced meals, overseas tours, couples photos and night amusement park tours are gaining higher popularity among young people," said the report.

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Regulatory confusion over cannabinoids (CBD) has opened up the space for alternatives, within which Gencor has released Levagen, a palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) ingredient touted as having anti-inflammatory and pain relief properties. The company also utilizes a novel delivery method coined LipiSperse that increases the bioavailability of its PEA ingredient and allows for applications such as shots and chews. "This opens up the market and allows consumers to be more familiar with PEA. It can add value to products within the sports nutrition space,” Mariko Hill, Product Development Executive at Gencor tells NutritionInsight, at Vitafoods, Geneva, earlier this month.Palmitoylethanolamide powder

PEA is produced in the body as a biological response and as a repair mechanism for inflammation. It is a simple fatty acid amide that is structurally related to the endogenous cannabinoid transmitter, anandamide (AEA). AEA is associated with regulating pain and the more AEA in the bloodstream, the less discomfort a person may feel. PEA has numerous clinical studies demonstrating its potential as an effective and safe anti-inflammatory, analgesic and tissue-protective nutrient.

CBD was early this year classified as an unauthorized novel food and regulatory limitations may curb NPD, especially in the pain relief relating to sports nutrition space, according to Hill. This is where Gencor’s Levagen PEA comes in as an alternative, which can eliminate regulatory hurdles, she says. "This leaves space for an alternative like PEA, more specifically our brand ingredient Levagen, which acts on those receptors that boost energy and have anti-inflammatory properties,” Hill notes.

However, this does not mean that PEA is just an alternative. In places where cannabinoids face no regulatory issues, PEA can be used in combination with CBD to boost health benefits. In places where CBD is allowed, PEA can work synergistically with it, as they target those same pathways,” Chase Shryoc, Gencor’s Vice President of Sales and Business Development, tells NutritionInsight.

"PEA is a fatty acid and an endogenous module, which can be found in every cell in the body. It is an endocannabinoid receptor agonist, which means that it works in the endocannabinoid system, similar to CBD. CBD binds directly to CB1 and CB2 receptor sites, while Levagen PEA indirectly activates those same receptors and has that same effect, but from a different direction,” Shyroc explains.

Hill adds that although PEA is an alternative, people should look at it as a completely different product to CBD. "It works synergistically because it is an endocannabinoid and is actually produced in the body endogenously as well. Supplementation can then offset that balance within the body and you can also use it in combination with CBD, but since CBD is still a novel food that may present challenges.”

Gencor is using a new delivery method called LipiSperse, that can boost Levagen’s properties. LipiSperse is a novel system tailored to increase the dispersion of crystalline lipophilic agents in aqueous environments. Cold water dispersible (CWD) powders have an equilibrium established between the LipiSperse on the powder surface and the LipiSperse in the solution, according to the company.

"So there is a Levagen standalone and one supported by LipiSperse, which we call Levagen+, a cold-water dispersible powder. This delivery technology increases the bioavailability and functionality of the ingredient. We also did a PEA study in which Levagen+ is showing 1,8 higher absorption to standalone PEA,” Hill notes. The new delivery method allows for a broader spectrum of applications for the ingredient.

Levagen for osteoarthritis
Adding to the list of benefits for the ingredient, a new study has found that Levagen may have a beneficial effect on knee osteoarthritis and support healthy aging. The study published in the Inflammopharmacology Journal, aimed to examine the safety, tolerability and efficacy of PEA when dosed at 300mg and 600mg per day on symptoms of knee osteoarthritis.

"Osteoarthritis is one of the most common joint related concerns caused by the breakdown of articular cartilage and remodeling of joint tissues driven by inflammatory mediators,” says R.V. Venkatesh, Managing Director at Gencor. "The results of this study demonstrated the effects of Levagen and its ability to not only reduce pain but its ability to reduce anxiety levels, according to the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales (DASS).”

The eight-week, double-blind randomized placebo-controlled study also concluded that Levagen may be a novel treatment for attenuating pain and reducing other associated symptoms of knee osteoarthritis at both 300mg and 600mg per day.

"PEA is unique due to its several fast-acting therapeutic effects,” notes Shryoc. "The study recipients reported a gradual reduction of WOMAC pain scores in just one week with further significant reductions at week 4 and 8. In addition to joint health, Levagen can also aid in restful sleep and recovery.”

According to the company, there are additional clinical studies taking place with Gencor’s Levagen which are expected to be released later this year. Gencor is also putting additional research into Levagen+.

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Palmitoylethanolamide is a fatty acid amide that is naturally present in our bodies. It mainly functions as a very comprehensive anti-inflammatory and pain reducer. In terms of pain reduction, it works great for individuals with neuropathic pain and produces significant back pain relief and sciatic pain relief. This is due to the fact that palmitoylethanolamide produces something called the ‘Entourage Effect’ an effect which potentiates the effects of Anandamide and it is naturally present in our bodies. Anandamide plays a crucial role in inflammation and pain perception, and Palmitoylethanolamide prevents the breakdown of anandamide and works to enhance its effects in the body. This pathway is especially effective at decreasing neuropathic pain and thus palmitoylethanolamide is very popular with people looking for sciatic pain relief and back pain relief.Palmitoylethanolamide

Palmitoylethanolamide also works to decrease inflammation by interacting with an enzyme called cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2). This enzyme produces inflammation and is the target of most NSAIDs like Ibuprofen. These NSAIDs decrease pain perception by blocking COX-2 activity, whereas palmitoylethanolamide decreases pain perception by preventing the production of proinflammatory compounds that are produced by COX-2, such as prostaglandins D2 and E2.

Another unique effect that palmitoylethanolamide has, is that it activates the PPAR-alpha receptor. This receptor a major mediator of inflammation and pain perception and its activation causes a decrease in inflammation and a subsequent drop in pain perception.

Altogether, palmitoylethanolamide is a great compound for neuropathic pain and is a fantastic choice for individuals looking for sciatic pain relief and back pain relief.

*Attention: These statements have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. This product is not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
Palmitoylethanolamide, also known as PEA, is a endogenous fatty acid amide that has been demonstrated to exert a great variety of biological functions related to pain. Additionally, it has been shown to have neuroprotective properties. Pain management support dates as far back as before 1980. The birth of the molecule was in 1957 and it was in that year that 5 researchers believed that PEA was a natural pain management supplement.

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Where to buy Compound 7P powder (1890208-58- ?

Compound 7P powder is one of Neurotrophic drug. Axon regeneration after injury in the central nervous system is hampered in part because if an age-dependent decline in the intrinsic axon growth potential, and one of the strategies to stimulate axon growth in injured neurons involves pharmacological manipulation of implicated signaling pathways. Here we report phenotypic cell-based screen of chemical libraries and structure-activity-guided optimization that resulted in the identification of compound 7p which promotes neurite outgrowth of cultured primary neurons derived from the hippocampus, cerebral cortex, and retina. In an animal model of optic nerve injury, compound 7p was shown to induce growth of GAP-43 positive axons, indicating that the in vitro neurite outgrowth activity of compound 7p translates into stimulation of axon regeneration in vivo. Further optimization of compound 7p and elucidation of the mechanisms by which it elicits axon regeneration in vivo will provide a rational basis for future efforts to enhance treatment strategies.
We are a professional supplier of API in China, our Compound 7P with high quality and reasonable price. We are focused on providing our customers with the best service. Our high purity active ingredients is tested by HPLC.Compound 7P

Compound 7p exhibited 100% inhibition of parasitemia on day 4 at multiple doses(100, 50, and 25 mg/kg) given for four consecutive days, but at 100 mg/kg, all mice survived and were cured, while at 50 mg/kg, three of five mice survived and two mice were cured, and at 25 mg/kg, none of the mice survived

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Reminyl is an Alzheimer’s treatment derived from the bulbs of the daffodil, Narcissus pseudonarcissus. It is believed that neurons producing the neurotransmitter acetylcholine degenerate in the brains of patients with Alzheimer’s disease. This loss of acetylcholine has been correlated with decreased cognitive function (thinking, remembering and reasoning). Reminyl works to increase the concentration of acetylcholine by blocking the action of acetylcholinesterase, an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis (break down) of acetylcholine.Galantamine Hydrobromide powder

An estimated four million Americans have Alzheimer’s disease — a progressive loss of cognitive function so severe that it interferes with an individual’s ability to function. The number is expected to grow to 14 million by the middle of the next century. The disorder is the third-most expensive illness in the United States, behind only heart disease and cancer.

Reminyl was developed by the Janssen Research Foundation under a co-development and licensing agreement with the UK-based Shire Pharmaceuticals. The drug will be marketed by Janssen Pharmaceutica and Ortho-McNeil Pharmaceutical in the United States.

Clinical Results
In trials ranging from 12 to 26 weeks, the effectiveness of Reminyl was measured using two primary tools. Subjects’ abilities in terms of memory, orientation, reasoning and language were assessed using the cognitive portion of the Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale (ADAS-cog). Across all trials, results demonstrated that more subjects taking Reminyl showed significant improvement in their cognitive performance than subjects taking placebo.

The second primary measure of effectiveness was the Clinician’s Interview-Based Impression of Change plus Caregiver Information (CIBIC-plus), which provides an overall assessment of patient functioning – including behavior, organized thinking and activities of daily living (such as dressing, eating and managing family finances). The CIBIC-plus results from all trials also showed that the overall scores for subjects taking Reminyl were statistically superior to placebo.
The most frequent adverse events associated with the use of Reminyl can be minimized by following the recommended dosage and administration.

Because this list is not all-inclusive, please consult a physician to discuss any side effects and the individual appropriateness of the drug.

Mechanism of Action
Galantamine, a tertiary alkaloid, is a competitive and reversible inhibitor of acetylcholinesterase. While the precise mechanism of galantamine’s action is unknown, it may exert its therapeutic effect by enhancing cholinergic function. This is accomplished by increasing the concentration of acetylcholine through reversible inhibition of its hydrolysis by cholinesterase. If this mechanism is correct, galantamine’s effect may lessen as the disease process advances and fewer cholinergic neurons remain functionally intact. (from Reminyl Prescribing Information).

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In a small pilot study consume who consumed a natural dietary supplement called nicotinomide riboside (NR) daily showed signs of mimicking caloric restriction, which in mice has been linked to health benefits.Nicotinamide Riboside Chloride powder

Caloric restriction is a starvation diet. When lower level organisms such as fruit flies, roundworms, rodents are raised on such a diet from birth, slashing of caloric intake by about a third has health benefits and, in some cases, extended lifespan. No humans have done that, it would be a human rights violation to wean a baby on a starvation diet, and claims about benefits in adults who took it up have too many confounders to be anything more than anecdotes.

In a small pilot study, 12 lean and healthy men and women ages 55 to 79 from the Boulder area were given a placebo for six weeks, then took a 500 mg twice-daily dose of nicotinamide riboside chloride (NIAGEN). Another 12 took nicotinamide riboside for the first six weeks, followed by placebo. The researchers took blood samples and other physiological measurements at the end of each treatment period. They found that the supplement slightly improved blood pressure and arterial health, particularly in those with mild hypertension but what they wanted to find was that 1,000 mg daily of nicotinamide riboside boosted levels of another compound called nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) by 60 percent. NAD+ is required for activation of enzymes called sirtuins, which is hypothesized to be involved in the beneficial effects of calorie restriction. It’s involved in a host of metabolic actions throughout the body, and tends to decline with age.

Some suggest that as an evolutionary survival mechanism, the body conserves NAD+ when subjected to calorie restriction and that led to the idea of supplementing with so-called "NAD+-precursors” like nicotinamide riboside to promote healthier aging.

The pilot study also found that in 13 participants with elevated blood pressure or stage 1 hypertension (120-139/80-89 mmHg), systolic blood pressure was about 10 points lower after supplementation. A drop of that magnitude could translate to a 25 percent reduction in heart attack risk but this is a pilot study in healthy people, so it should only be considered a viable technique if a company is willing to enter it into clinical trials. Otherwise, it will remain just another supplement for people who want to believe.

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In the first controlled clinical trial of nicotinamide riboside (NR), a newly discovered form of Vitamin B3, researchers have shown that the compound is safe for humans and increases levels of a cell metabolite that is critical for cellular energy production and protection against stress and DNA damage.Nootropics Powder

Studies in mice have shown that boosting the levels of this cell metabolite—known as NAD+—can produce multiple health benefits, including resistance to weight gain, improved control of blood sugar and cholesterol, reduced nerve damage, and longer lifespan. Levels of NAD+ diminish with age, and it has been suggested that loss of this metabolite may play a role in age-related health decline.

These findings in animal studies have spurred people to take commercially available NR supplements designed to boost NAD+. However, these over-the-counter supplements have not undergone clinical trials to see if they work in people.

The new research, reported Oct. 10 in the journal Nature Communications, was led by Charles Brenner, PhD, professor and Roy J. Carver Chair of Biochemistry at the University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine in collaboration with colleagues at Queens University Belfast and ChromaDex Corp. (NASDAQ: CDXC), which supplied the NR used in the trial. Brenner is a consultant for ChromaDex. He also is co-founder and Chief Scientific Adviser of ProHealthspan, which sells NR supplements under the trade name Tru NIAGEN®.

The human trial involved six men and six women, all healthy. Each participant received single oral doses of 100 mg, 300 mg, or 1,000 mg of NR in a different sequence with a seven-day gap between doses. After each dose, blood and urine samples were collected and analyzed by Brenner’s lab to measure various NAD+ metabolites in a process called metabolomics. The trial showed that the NR vitamin increased NAD+ metabolism by amounts directly related to the dose, and there were no serious side effects with any of the doses.

"This trial shows that oral NR safely boosts human NAD+ metabolism,” Brenner says. "We are excited because everything we are learning from animal systems indicates that the effectiveness of NR depends on preserving and/or boosting NAD+ and related compounds in the face of metabolic stresses. Because the levels of supplementation in mice that produce beneficial effects are achievable in people, it appears than health benefits of NR will be translatable to humans safely.”

The next step will be to study the effect of longer duration NR supplementation on NAD+ metabolism in healthy adults, but Brenner also has plans to test the effects of NR in people with diseases and health conditions, including elevated cholesterol, obesity and diabetes, and people at risk for chemotherapeutic peripheral neuropathy.

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As one of the Racetam categorical members of nootropics, Nefiracetam helps to improve cognitive abilities in the brain. It works in a potent manner and can help users find a quick result. Nefiracetam has almost the same chemical structure to another compound called Aniracetam.
However, it has a slightly unique mechanism of action to Aniracetam. It improves GABA and Acetylcholine, which remain Neurotransmitters generated in the brain. It also bolsters the ability to focus, memorizing and learning.Nefiracetam
Apart from displaying nootropic advantages, Nefiracetam powder provides neuroprotective features in the long-term. It crosses the brain blood barrier quickly and remains a fat soluble substance. It can easily get into the central nervous system when used. For this reason, the supplement has powerful brain penetration value than several products.
Apart from being quick in its action, the powder has an amazing blood-brain barrier penetration. This implies that blood flowing in the brain will definitely increase drastically. To boost the mental strength of the brain, the supplement interacts with neurons.
This will help to enhance the mental formation and processing of memories to a great level. The supplement is a great source of oxygen and glucose to the neurons effectively. Studies have shown that this supplement remains the only nootropic to bolster the choline rate absorption through the neurons.
Experts mention that the supplement is related to vitamin B and helps to increase acetylcholine neurotransmitter in your brain. It helps in encoding, consolidation and retrieval of memory procedures.With acetylcholine, your brain will work like a plastic to increase focus, learning and concentration capabilities. With Nefiracetam, the activity of acetylcholine is greatly increased.

HOW DOES IT WORK?
Studies have shown that Nefiracetam remains one of the most innovative racetams. This supplement has a great impact on your brain activities and highly potent. It is considered to be a second phase racetam due to its wide ranging uses.
This powder is able to treat dementia and Alzheimer’s disease. Nootropics remain the general or technical phrase for smart drugs. These are a group of healthy supplements that remains great in bolstering cognitive ability, memory, intelligence and general brain function.
It is really not addictive, non-toxic, improves verbal memory and has few side-effects. There are fewer studies performed on the impacts and clinical trials of the supplement. It is highly active than piracetam and other nootropics.
The supplement has a great impact on cognitive function, alertness, and improves memory. Unlike aniracetam, oxiracetam or piracetam, the supplemen
t also has a great positive impact on your mood. It acts as an antidepressant that can help lower your stress. The AMPA receptors in the brain are highly
stimulated after using the supplement. Ampakines are tough substances that affect the brain.

These substances are known to boost learning ability, attention span, gene
ral cognitive and alertness functions. Nefiracetam among racetams is highly well-known with students. Life extension enthusiasts, people recovering from alcoholism, dementia, and Alzheimer’s are able to be treated with the help of this supplement.

It is a good idea to use the supplement with a choline such as a bitartrate. Nefiracetam powder can be successfully used with other racetams such as L-Tyrosine, GABA, and L-Phenylalanine without side-effects.

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Peganum harmala L. is a multipurpose medicinal plant increasingly used for psychoactive recreational purposes (Ayahuasca analog). Harmaline, harmine, harmalol, harmol and tetrahydroharmine were identified and quantified as the main beta-carboline alkaloids in P. harmala extracts. Seeds and roots contained the highest levels of alkaloids with low levels in stems and leaves, and absence in flowers. Harmine and harmaline accumulated in dry seeds at 4.3% and 5.6% (w/w), respectively, harmalol at 0.6%, and tetrahydroharmine at 0.1% (w/w). Roots contained harmine and harmol with 2.0% and 1.4% (w/w), respectively. beta carboline
Seed extracts were potent reversible and competitive inhibitors of human monoamine oxidase (MAO-A) with an IC(50) of 27 microg/l whereas root extracts strongly inhibited MAO-A with an IC(50) of 159 microg/l. In contrast, they were poor inhibitors of MAO-B. Inhibition of MAO-A by seed extracts was quantitatively attributed to harmaline and harmine whereas inhibition by root extracts came from harmine with no additional interferences. Stems and leaves extracts were poor inhibitors of MAO. The potent inhibition of MAO-A by seed and root extracts of P. harmala containing beta-carbolines should contribute to the psychopharmacological and toxicological effects of this plant and could be the basis for its purported antidepressant actions.

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These days, if you’re not seeking an edge in everything that you do, you’re probably falling behind.With increased competition and advances in technology coming at a breakneck pace, you can either adapt or wind up in the dust.oxiracetam buy

Thankfully, nootropic drugs like oxiracetam may be able to provide the boost you need to perform at your highest level. Today, we’ll take a closer look at everything there is to know about this potential life-changing nootropic.Oxiracetam is a drug that belongs to the racetam class of compounds. Like other racetams, it belongs to the ampakine family of nootropics, which affect AMPA receptors in your brain. These receptors regulate synaptic transmission in the brain, allowing neuroreceptors to function at a higher level.

Oxiracetam is the third racetam drug that was developed, and it was first synthesized in 1978 as a chemical derivative of piracetam. Like piracetam, oxiracetam has a pyrrolidone nucleus. However, oxiracetam also adds a hydroxyl group, which may explain why it’s considered to be the most useful nootropic of the racetam family.

While many nootropics primarily support concentration and focus, oxiracetam more closely supports learning and memory retention and recall. A favorite of the nootropic community for several decades, this drug is available over-the-counter in the United States and most other parts of the world.Most of the benefits of oxiracetam are related to its function as an acetylcholine (ACh) booster. Heightened levels of ACh lead to an improvement in short-term and long-term memory, and users also report that it cuts through ‘brain fog,’ allowing them to concentrate to a much higher level regardless of the task at hand.

Oxiracetam also increases the number of calcium ions in brain cells by providing more binding sites for glutamate to bind to. Glutamate is a major neurotransmitter in the brain. With regular oxiracetam use, the electrical currents inside the brain are increased, which can increase brain plasticity.

This powerful nootropic can also increase energy function in the brain, as it provides support for molecules that build cell membranes inside the brain, such as phospholipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.

While oxiracetam is a mild stimulant, it’s devoid of the side effects that are commonly associated with other stimulants. If you’ve had difficulty taking other stimulants in the past because of the side effects associated with them, oxiracetam may be a great choice for you.

While it’s been adopted by the nootropic community as a powerful brain booster, the most promising studies related to this drug show that it may be able to improve brain function and memory in patients who are dealing with degenerative brain diseases such as dementia.

While there’s a lack of human studies on the drug, studies in rats have shown incredibly promising results with regard to oxiracetam as a treatment for dementia, Alzheimer’s, and Central Nervous System diseases. In one such study, oxiracetam had a significant effect on the model group’s ability to alleviate spatial learning and memory impairments.

Several other studies have produced similar results, suggesting there may be a definitive link between oxiracetam and its ability to stave off the effects of dementia.Beyond brain diseases, oxiracetam appears also to be very promising as a treatment after a traumatic brain injury (TBI.)Those who are lucky enough to survive a traumatic brain injury are often faced with severe cognitive decline, as well as effects to their motor skills and personality.

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Lycored, an international wellness company at the forefront of ingredient and nutrition supplements, has launched its Lycopedia, an interactive educational hub that tells the narrative journey of lycopene and its effect on the body during different stages of life. By creating the Lycopedia, Lycored hopes it will act as a resource that showcases the health benefits of lycopene, the red-hued tomato-derived carotenoid used in food and beverage and oral supplementation.Lycopene powder
From early life, younger adult, midlife adult and older adult, the Lycopedia guides visitors through an interactive journey on lycopene, expanding on the various benefits this carotenoid provides to the body during each phase of life. Health concerns covered throughout the timeline include preeclampsia, lung health, skin health, fertility, cardiovascular health, vision health, osteoporosis and prostate health.

"We have focused a large part of more than 50 clinical studies on exploring Lycopene’s different beneficial roles in our wellness at every stage of life, which resulted in us taking our Lycored Nutrient Complex range for specific indications mainstream, yet we are only scratching the surface on what our hero carotenoid is capable of for our wellbeing,” said Rony Patishi-Chillim, president and CEO at Lycored. "With further research we have been able to unearth a multitude of health benefits and, as a result, we want to also make consumers and our industry aware of the significance of lycopene; not just for wellness benefits, but as a lifelong ally.”

The launch of the Lycopedia showcases both the depth of research and undeniable commitment Lycored has to the wellbeing and education of creating wellness from within. Through the belief that nature holds a wealth of knowledge just waiting to be unearthed, Lycored plans to continue to introduce education tools to their community including a link to its Lycopedia on their un-branded consumer facing website, and via wide ranging partnerships including its brand ambassador network.

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Men who want to reduce their risk of developing prostate cancer by altering their diet should eat tomatoes or tomato products rather than rely on lycopene supplements, suggest researchers from Ohio State University, Columbus. 502-65-8

Consumption of lycopene, an antioxidant that gives tomatoes their red colour, has been associated with reduced risk of prostate cancer in epidemiological studies. However, the new study, conducted in rats, indicates that other components found in tomatoes may also be associated.

The researchers assigned 194 male rats with prostate cancer to diets containing whole tomato powder or pure lycopene, or to a control diet. After four weeks, the rats were further divided into two groups, one with unlimited access and one with restricted access to food.

The researchers found that rats fed a diet that included whole tomato products survived longer than rats in the other groups (their risk of prostate cancer death was 26 per cent lower). Animals in the tomato-fed, energy-restricted group fared even better, showing a 32 per cent drop in risk. No benefit from lycopene alone was seen in either the energy-restricted or unrestricted groups.

"Our observations support the concept that tomato products contain components in addition to lycopene that may inhibit prostate carcinogenesis,” the researchers say. They add that many men are consuming lycopene-containing supplements in the hope that they may prevent prostate cancer or enhance the treatment of their prostate cancer. "We suggest that a focus on interventions with whole tomato products and energy balance should be a priority while clinical studies simultaneously investigate the risks and benefits of lycopene supplementation.”

The study, which lasted 14 months, is published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute (2003;95:157 .

The authors of an accompanying editorial (ibid, p1563), Dr Peter Gann, Northwestern University, Chicago, and Dr Frederick Khachik, University of Maryland, point out that plant compounds evolved as sets of interacting compounds. This complexity limits the usefulness of seeking to identify single protective compounds.

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3-O-Ethyl-L-Ascorbic Acid, or Ethyl Ascorbic Acid is a molecule produced by modifying Ascorbic Acid, commonly known as Vitamin C. This modification is done to increase the molecule’s stability and enhance its transport through skin, as pure Vitamin C is easily degraded. In the body, the modifying group is removed and Vitamin C is restored in its natural form. Thus, Ethyl Ascorbic Acid retains the benefits of Vitamin C, such as antioxidant activity. Furthermore, it is even more potent in reducing skin darkening after UV exposure. It even has some additional effects, not observed in pure Ascorbic Acid, such as promoting nerve cell growth or reducing chemotherapy damage. Finally, the slower release also ensures that no toxic effects are observed when using this Vitamin C derivative.3-O-Ethyl-L-Ascorbic Acid

3- O -ethyl ascorbic acid may be a good whitening ingredient in cosmetics. However, before it can be successfully used in cosmetics, its biofunctionality and stability need to be comprehensively investigated. The reduction and 2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging ability of this compound were analyzed to assess its antioxidant potential. In addition, the tyrosinase inhibitory ability was analyzed to show the whitening capacity of 3- O -ethyl ascorbic acid. Response surface methodology (RSM) was used to determine the optimal conditions for the ascorbic acid derivative in cosmetics. Based on the DPPH radical scavenging ability results, the half-inhibitory concentration (IC 50 ) value of 3- O -ethyl ascorbic acid was 0.032 g\/L. It also showed a good reducing ability at 1.5 g\/L concentration. Based on the tyrosinase inhibition analysis, the IC 50 value was 7.5 g\/L. The optimal conditions to achieve the best stability were determined from the RSM as 36.3°C and pH 5.46.

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Chrysin (on the left) and harman (right) are organic compounds with distinctly different structures, but both are found in the passionflower species Passiflora caerulea and P. incarnata.Sesamol powder

Chrysin, also called 5,7-dihydroxyflavone, was first isolated from the wood of pine trees (Pinus spp.) in 1949 by Gösta Linstedt at the KTH Royal Institute of Technology (Stockholm). Harman (or harmane), a pyridoindole derivative, was discovered much earlier (1861) in the bark of P. incarnata and other trees by German researcher R. Rieth.

What do chrysin and harman have in common besides occurrence in trees, specifically P. incarnata? More than 500 passionflower species have been used as traditional folk remedies for anxiety and other medical conditions almost everywhere that they grow on Earth. For at least 20 years, drug researchers have sought to elucidate mechanisms by which passionflower biochemicals provide relief.

In a key 2001 study, P. incarnata extract was compared with oxazepam, an early benzodiazepine anxiolytic drug, for efficacy against generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Shaheen Akhondzadeh and colleagues at the Tehran University of Medical Sciences and the Institute of Medicinal Plants (both in Tehran, Iran) treated 36 patients diagnosed with GAD with P. incarnata extract, oxazepam, or placebo in a 4-week trial.

The extract and the drug gave equally positive results. Oxazepam acted more rapidly, but it also impaired the subjects’ job performance whereas the extract did not. In the time since this report was issued, however, there is no record of US Food and Drug Administration filings for chrysin, harman, or passionflower extracts.

This discussion of anxiety remedies reminds us that today is the beginning of Mental Health Awareness Week.

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